To Be

To Be

To be has three function :

1.       Auxiliary Verbs ( kata kerja bantu )

2.      Linking Verbs ( Connecting )

3.      Full Verbs

1.       Auxiliary Verbs :

Continuos Tense :

1.      I am watching TV now

2.      He was listening to music when I met him

3.      My mother has been cooking for twenty minutes

Passive voice :

1.      This car will be showed in the exhibition

2.      My computer is being used by Reni

3.      The Novel has been returned to the library

2.     Linking Verbs :

Example :

1.      He is naughty

2.      I am a university student

3.      They are farmers.

3.     Full Verbs :

a.       To Be is used as full verb if it followed by a preposition phrase

( In the garden, beside the mosque, behind the wall, on the table,etc)

b.      In Indonesian language it (To Be) means “ada” or “berada”

Example :

1.      My house is behind the river

2.      The man was in the office

3.      Tia has been in Yogyakarta for a year

Quantifiers

1.      Cardinal Numbers : One, Two,Three, Seventeen, Twenty, Four Hundreds

Ex : Dian bought two novels Yesterday

2.      Ordinal Numbers : First, Second, Third, Fifth, Twentieth

Ex : My house is the third from here

3.      Countable Nouns : Some, Many, A lot of, A few, Any, Several, Plenty of

4.      Uncountable Nouns : Some, Much, A lot of, A little, Any, Plenty of

Examples :

1.      She sold some clothes In the market

2.       The Boy read many books In the library

3.      He doesn’t have much money

4.      There are a lot of goods In the museum

5.      A few members came to the new Base camp

6.      Please put a little salt into the porridge

7.       She don’t want any cake

8.      Do you have any problem?

9.      We have gone to the beach several times

10.  You must give the flowers plenty of fertilizer

Ordinary Verbs

1.     Transitive Verbs

Verbs which are followed by objects are called Transitive verbs

(Take, Carry, Tell, Buy, Write, Read, Borrow, Watch, Drink, Eat )

Example:

1.      I will take the course

2.      My Mother often tells me about the story of Malin Kundang

3.      The lecturer brought a lot of books

4.      He needs an umbrella

5.      My sister sent me a letter

2.     Intransitive Verbs

Verbs which are not followed by objects are called Intransitive verbs

(Arrive, Sleep, Come, Run, Swim, Smile, Sit, Walk, Jump, Cry )

Example:

1.      The students slept in the tent

2.      The Baby is Crying loudly

3.      Toni Swam in the river last morning

4.      Sean sang some songs in the concert

5.      The Sun shone at 07:00 a.m

Passive Voice

PRESENT TENSE :

1. Simple  Present

They teach English in High Schools( A ) = S + V1 + O

English is taught in High Schools ( P ) = O + Is/Am/Are + V3

2. Present Continuous

They are teaching English this year ( A ) = S + (Is,Am, Are) + O

English is being taught this year ( P ) = O + Is/Am/Are + Being + V3

3. Present Perfect

They have taught English for many years (A) = S + Have/Has + V3 + O

English has been taught for many years ( P ) = O + Have/Has + Been + V3

PAST TENSE :

1.Simple  Past

They taught English last year (A) = S + V2 + O

English was taught last year (P) = O + Was/Were + V3

2. Past Continuous

They were teaching English when I started school (A) = S + Was/Were + V-Ing + O

English was being taught when I started school (P) = O + Was/Were + Being + V3

3. Past Perfect

They had taught English for many years when I started school (A)

S + Had + V3 + O

English had been taught for many years when I started school (P) 

O + Had + Been + V3

FUTURE TENSE

1.Simple Future

They will teach English next year (A) = S + Will + V1 + O

English will be taught next year (P) = O + Will + Be + V3

2. Future Perfect

They are going to teach English next year (A) = S + (Is,Am,Are) + Going to + V1 + O

English is going to be taught next year (P) = O + Is/Am/Are + Going to + Be + V3