Kinds Of Text

1.   Report Text

Definition of Report
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis

Generic Structure of Report
1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials

Language Feature of Report
• Introducing group or general aspect
• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
• Using simple present tense

EX : Platypus

(GENERAL CLASSIFICATION )

Many people call platypus duckbill because this animal has a bill like duckbill. Platypus is a native Tasmania and southern and eastern Australia.

(DESCRIPTION)
Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45 cm and covered with a thick, and woolly layer of fur. Its bill is detecting prey and stirring up mud. Platypus' eyes and head are small. It has no ears but has ability to sense sound and light.
Platypus lives in streams, rivers, and lakes. Female platypus usually dig burrows in the streams or river banks. The burrows are blocked with soil to protect it from intruders and flooding. In the other hand, male platypus does not need any burrow to stay.

Analyzing on the Text
Generic Structure analysis
General classification; stating general classification, the animal of platypus.
Description; describing in detail characterization of platypus' body and habitual life
Language Feature Analysis
Focusing in group; the animal of platypus
conditional, logical connective; but, in the other hand
Simple present tense pattern; Platypus lives in streams, male platypus does not need any burrow, etc

2.      DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Purpose:

a text which  describe a particular place/ thing/ person


Text Organization:

^ Identification (mention the special participant)
^ Description (mention the part, quality, and characteristics of subject being described)


Language Features:

^ The use of adjectives and compound adjectives.
e.g. :
- a five hundred seated football stadium.
- a beautiful ancient Roman opera house.

What is Descriptive Text? (part 2)

The Definition and Purpose of Descriptive Text

Descriptive text is a text which say what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.


The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text

Descriptive text has structure as below:
Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.
Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.

Definition

What is Descriptive Text? (part 1)

Definition

A descriptive text is a text which lists the characteristics of something.


Features

* The topic is usually about the attributes of a thing.
* Third person pronoun forms are used.

Ex : Tangerang

(IDENTIFICATION)

Have you ever gone to Tangerang? Well, if you haven’t, let me tell you about Tangerang. Tangerang is a big city. It is located in Banten. The city is near Jakarta. The majority of residents are Sundanese and Betawinese.

(DESCRIPTION)

It is a big city. There are many factories there because the majority of the residents are labours and  employees. But, the most of them work at Soekarno Hatta Airport. There are many rivers there. But, they are very dirty. There is a river which is the widest and deepest there. It is Cisadane river. There are lots of mall, like Metropolis mall, Daan Mogot mall, Summarecon Serpong mall, etc. There are many beaches in Tangerang. They are Tanjung Pasir beach,Pasir putih beach and Tanjung kait beach. But, they are very dirty. The sea is dirty and shallow.

3.      NARRATIVE TEXT

Pengertian Narrative Text

Disebutkan bahwa A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people (teks narasi adalah cerita imaginatif yang bertujuan menghibur orang). 

Jika melihat pada kamus bahasa Inggris, secara harfiah narrative bermakna (1) a spoken or written account of connected events; a story. (2) the narrated part of a literary work, as distinct from dialogue. (3) the practice or art of narration. 

(Narrative bermakna : 1. sebuah cerita baik terucap atau tertulis tentang peristiwa-peristiwa yang berhubungan. 2. bagian yang diceritakan dalam sebuah karya sastra, berbeda dengan dialog. 3. Praktik atau seni bercerita)

Jika disimpulkan, maka sebuah narrative text adalah teks yang berisi sebuah cerita baik tertulis ataupun tidak tertulis dan terdapat rangkaian peristiwa yang saling terhubung.

Generic Structure dari Narrative Text

Bagi sobat yang masih duduk di bangku sekolah tingkat menengah, penjelasan mengenai narrative texts tak usah sulit-sulit ya.. Intinya, narrative text ini mempunyai struktur / susunan seperti di bawah ini : 

• Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana) 

• Complication : Where the problems in the story developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)

• Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, --- secara baik "happy ending" ataupun buruk "bad ending".

Kadangkala susunan (generic structure) narrative text bisa berisi: Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution dan Reorientation. Meski “Evaluation” dan “Reorientation” merupakan optional; bisa ditambahkan dan bisa tidak. Evaluation berisi penilaian/evaluasi terhadap jalannya cerita atau konflik. Sedangkan Reorientation berisi penyimpulan isi akhir cerita.

Jika sudah mahir membuat cerita narrative, susunannya bisa diubah-ubah kok, yang terpenting bagian-bagian di atas masih tetap ada dalam tulisan narrative sobat. 

Grammar Used dalam Narrative Text

Grammar (tata bahasa) yang sering muncul dalam membuat narrative text adalah:

Menggunakan tenses "Past", baik simple, past perfect, past continuous, past perfect continuous, atau bisa saja past future continuous. (aturan ini bukan aturan wajib yang mutlak harus dipenuhi kok. Tidak percaya, tanyakan pada guru bahasa Inggris sobat)

EX :

The  Princesses and Oldman

Orientation

A long time ago, there were two kingdoms, The first kingdom was Rosevilia and The second kingdom was Deisivilia. Both of them had beautiful princesses. The princess of Rosevilia was Dazvia and the princess of Deisivilia was Azvie. Dazvia was more beautiful than Azvie. She was also smart and famous. But Azvie was simple. But, she had an amazing voice if she sang a song. One day, there was a great news. There was a handsome prince in their country. The kingdom of the prince was Antanevada, a big kingdom. The name of the prince was Waston.The prince came to their country because he looked for a wife from the princesses in their country. When dazvia heard the news, she was very happy because she was optimistic that the prince would choose her to be his wife. On the contrary, Azvie was pessimistic because dazvia was more beautiful than her. 

Complication

The first day, Waston went to the Rosevilia because he wanted to see the princess there. Dazvia was watering the roses in the park at that time. He saw her, and He fell in love with her because of her beauty. Dazvia also fell in love with him because of his handsomeness. She asked the prince to dance together. They danced beautifully. The second day, the prince went to Deisivilia because he also wanted to see the princess there. Waston waited for her in the park of the kingdom. Azvie was helping her maid to cook a cake, after she heard about waston, she met him. Waston was disappointed with the princess. Azvie was ugly, her face was dirty by chocolate and her dress was full of flour. He left her alone and went home. Azvie felt sad. In Antanevada, waston wanted to choose Dazvie for his wife. But, he still felt doubt about it. Physician of the kingdom felt confused because of the prince. Waston told it to his physician. “I felt confused who was my true love, Dazvia or Azvie?”. “ How did you test them, I had a concoction, If you drank it, you would be oldman. Your true love certain had an honest heart”. “ it was a good idea, thank you, I would do it”. Waston drank the concoction, and he became oldman. He went to the Rosevilia and he met Dazvia. She was having lunch in the roses-garden. Waston asked food to her because he was hungry. And he wanted to spend the night there for tonight. She was very angry with him because he disturbed her. So, she threw her food to the oldman and she asked her troops to hit him. Azvie was accompanying her maid to go shopping, but she found the prince. She helped him and she brought him to the castle. Azvie treated his injury and took care of him overnight. The oldman was aware. She gave him food and drink. Then, she left him to go to the garden.

After, wasto ate his food, he went to the garden. He wanted to say thank you. He saw her. Azvie was planting the daisy flower and she also sang a song beautifully. The prince admired her voice and he fell in love with Azvie. He was aware that Azvie was better than Dazvia. Finally, he had decided the princess who would be her wife and the queen of Antanevada. He met azvie and he wanted to go home because he had been normal. He said good bye to azvie.

Resolution
The day of the decision came, The prince would announce his decision about who she is that would be her wife and the queen of Antanevada. Dazvia was optimistic that he would choose her. On the contrary, Azvie was pessimistic about it. Before, he announced it, he told to his people that he had become oldman to try the princesses. He drank the concoction from his physician. Dazvia and Azvie was surprised. Waston walked to Azvie, and he gave her a diamond ring and a daisy flowers. “ Will you marry me?”. Azvie was very happy “yes, I will” said her.  Finally, they got married, and they had a happy life. On the contrary, Dazvia was crazy because of it. 

4.      RECOUNT TEXT

Secara harfiah, recount bermakna "menceritakan". Jadi recount text bisa diartikan sebagai "Text yang menceritakan". Jika mengacu pada keterangan di buku-buku sekolah (baca : Buku Bahasa Inggris SMP / SMA) recount text adalah a text that telling the reader about one story, action or activity. Its goal is to entertaining or informing the reader. (sebuah teks yang menceritakan sebuah cerita, aksi ataupun aktifitas. Tujuan recount text adalah untuk menghibur atau menginformasikan pembaca.)

Generic Structure dari Recount Text

Generic structure (susunan umum) recount text ini terdiri dari:

• Orientation tells who was involved, what happened, where the events took place, and when it happened. ("Orientation" menceritakan siapa saja yang terlibat dalam cerita, apa yang terjadi, di mana tempat peristiwa terjadi, dan kapan terjadi peristiwanya)

• Events tell what happened and in what sequence. ("Event" menceritakan apa yang terjadi (lagi) dan menceritakan urutan ceritanya)

• Reorientation consists of optional-closure of events/ending. ("Reorientation" berisi penutup cerita / akhir cerita)

Example : Going to the Botanical garden

Orientation
My friends and I went to the Botanical garden in Bogor. We wanted to spend our long holiday there. We heard that it was interesting place.

Events
Firstly, we went to the Botanical garden by bus. After we arrived, we bought some tickets. But, one of my friends bought a bottle of drink in the shop.

Then, we entered the Botanical garden. We saw various trees in the garden. Furthermore, there were kinds of flowers there. We walked around the Botanical garden and sometimes, we took some pictures. After that, we went to the zoology museum. There were various bones of animals. We could study everything about animals.

Finally, we left the Botanical garden. We stopped in the shop, and we bought some goods like T-Shirts, bags, bracelets, etc.

Reorientation
We had a wonderfulday.